Northern Sportive Lemur

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Family:	Lepilemuridae
Genus:	Lepilemur
Species:	L. septentrionalis

Location:

The Northern Sportive Lemur is native to a minuscule region near the northern edge of Madagascar.  The species' population is restricted to the remnants of forest north of the Irodo River, near villages (Ankarongana and Madirobe) and a small mountain.

Physical Characteristics:

This species of Lemur is nocturnal, and therefore has large front-facing brown eyes similar to that of a Tarsier.  They are also arboreal (tree based), and move by jumping around from tree to tree.  The "Sportive" aspect of their name is derived from their "boxing" stance when they feel threatened.  They have pale brownish-grey backs, including a dark line that travels across its spine.  Their undersides tend to be grey.

Social Behaviors:

Not much is known about these species as there are so few left to study.  The Northern Sportive Lemur is believed to reprocess their food a second time in order to gain nutrients in the same process rabbits use.  The bacteria contained in their bodies help ferment their food in their bodies, allowing it to have nutritional value when it is reprocessed.  The males live alone as hermits until the mating season.  Females will raise the child alone in a separate region.

Threats:

The Northern Sportive Lemur is a niche species.  Simply put: the species has several very specific conditions that must be met in order to survive or call their perfect habitat.  While they may have survived as a highly specialized species before, it is now their own downfall as their precious small habitat is destroyed through deforestation.  A native species of Boa is also known to take some Northern Sportive Lemurs from their daytime resting places.  These threats, in addition to a specific diet, wouldn't be so bad were it not for the remaining population.  The species is also extremely vulnerable to local bushmeat hunters.

Remaining Northern Sportive Lemurs:

18

Conservation:

At this point not much can be done to save this species.  The changes needed are in Madagascar's policies and enforcements against logging and bushmeat hunting.  One can help organizations that are getting involved by visiting their local zoo or protesting wooden products emerging from Madagascar.

Accreditations:
http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/11622/0
http://www.arkive.org/northern-sportive-lemur/lepilemur-septentrionalis/
http://www.iucn.org/?11259/Primates-in-peril--conservationists-reveal-the-worlds-25-most-endangered-primates
http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/13/world/africa/madagascar-lemurs-threatened/index.html
http://www.cokesmithphototravel.com/Madagascar.html

Blue Eyed Black Lemur

Common name - Blue Eyed Black Lemur
Scientific name- Flavifrons

Family -Lemuridae
Class- Eulemur

Location:

The blue eyed black lemur can be found in Madagascar specifically the northwestern region in tropical sub humid rain forests.

Physical Attributes:

This lemur is characterized by its bright blue eyes which along with humans are the only other primates to posses this trait.Male and females are sexually dichromatic with males being black with no ear tufts and females being reddish brown with long ear tufts.When born both male and females have black fur but it isn't until after 6 months that the females begin developing their reddish brown fur. Physically the lemur has a 16" long body and a 20" long tail. This lemur also has foxlike muzzle.
Social Behavior:

The blue eyed black lemur uses its anogenital scent glands and urine to mark their territory. The social structure of the blue eyed black lemurs are female driven with groups ranging from 4-14 members. Being diernal, the troop is more active during the day. Communication is achieved through grunting and grooming. Numerous grunts have been discovered ranging from predator alerts to foraging orders

Conservation: Blue eyed black lemurs can be saved by cutting back of the deforestation of their habitats and  restoring any territory that was eliminated. A means of doing this is to provide the residents of the area with an alternative means of maintains their economy than timber. In addition to this factor an effort should be made to educate the residents of the area on the severity of the state of the blue eyed black lemur.

Silky Sifaka

Scientific Name: P. Candidus

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Primate

Family: Indriidae

Location & Diet:
Clustered in the mountains of northeastern Madagscar they are known locally as "ghosts of the forest" because they seem to flash through the trees. Like other eastern sifakas it consumes mainly leaves and seeds, but also fruit, flowers, and even soil on occasion.

Physical Attributes:
The silky sifaka is named "angel of the forest because of it's white hair.  The lemur has long, silky, white fur and sometimes has silver hues on the top of it's head and the back of it's limbs.  It also has a black face with deep orange eyes.   

Social Behavior:
The silky sifaka has a variable social structure, and lives in groups of two to nine individuals.  It spends most of its day feeding and resting, but also spends a lot of time playing, grooming and traveling.  They mate one day a year during the start of the rainy season.  Mating primarily takes place between November and January, and the young is born in June or July.  The tiny infant will cling to the mother's belly and later will ride on her back as she travels through the forest.  Indicating the strong bonds within silky sifaka groups, other group members, not just the mother, have been observed taking part in the infants care through carrying, nursing, grooming, and playing. 

Extinction:
The silky sifakas are known as one of the world's rarest  mammals.  There are fewer than 1,000 still alive, and is listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUNC) as one of the most critically endangered primates. People are the silkies' main threat. Some hunt them for food, others burn their forest habitat to make room for rice fields.  Loggers also destroy the silky habitat when they cut down, illegally, the rare rosewood trees, which are also almost completely extinct. 

HOW CAN I HELP?
http://www.simpona.org/how_can_you_help.html

http://www.untamedscience.com/biodiversity/animals/chordates/mammals/primates/woolly-lemurs/propithecus/silky-sifaka (video)

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Saving-the-Silky-Sifaka.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silky_sifaka

http://www.arkive.org/silky-sifaka/propithecus-candidus/

Gray Headed Lemur

Common Name-  Gray headed Lemur

Scientific Name-  Eulemur Cinereiceps

Kingdom- Animalia

Phylum- Chordata

Class- Mammalia

Family- Lemuridae

Location:

The Gray-headed Lemur lives in South-east Madagascar, between the Manampatrana River and down to the Mananara River.  They tend to live in more of a forest habitat.  Where they live currently is a thin strip of forest located near the river.  They live a very vegetarian lifestyle by eating flowers, leaves and fungi.  This lifestyle makes for not as often a competition or lack of food.

Physical Attributes:

The Gray headed lemur is a medium sized lemur.  There are physical distinctions of male and female.  Males are dark with a white beard where the female lemur is a redish-brown color.


Social Behavior:

Gray- headed lemurs are found in smaller social groups ranging is size from three to nine.  In the reserves that some are placed in currently, they have noticed 3 social groups with 6 to 11 primates at Mahabo and 2 social groups with 4 to 8 primates at Manombo. 

Extinction:

The top threats to the Gray- headed lemur is logging, hunting and conversion of rain forest habitat to agricultural land. 

Conservation:

These species are also found in the Manombo Special Reserve and in Mahabo Classified forest.  But many of these species have been found in unprotected forests that could be added to reserves.The Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust is working with Madagascar National Parks to strengthen protection at Manombo to expanded the special reserve.  Conservation education and Tree planting programs have been created in Manombo communities to make a better environment for the lemrus.  Coservation international is initiating programs for the management of the Fandriana- Vondrozo forest corridor, where many gray- headed lemurs are unprotected.

Madagascar Wildlife Conservation—Become a member or make A Donation!

http://www.mwc-info.net/en/08%20-%20How%20to%20help/supstart.htm

http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/8205/0

http://www.thedailygreen.com/weird-weather/weather-categories/most-endangered-primates-0715

http://www.oucom.ohiou.edu/dbms-stevens/documents/Johnson%20et%20al%202009%20Eulemur%20cinereiceps%2025%20most%20endangered.pdf

Sources-

http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/8205/0

http://www.thedailygreen.com/weird-weather/weather-categories/most-endangered-primates-0715

http://www.oucom.ohiou.edu/dbms-stevens/documents/Johnson%20et%20al%202009%20Eulemur%20cinereiceps%2025%20most%20endangered.pdf

http://www.mwc-info.net/en/08%20-%20How%20to%20help/membership.htm

http://www.ajol.info/index.php/mcd/article/viewfile/44134/27649

Yellow Tailed Woolly Monkey

Common Name:Yellow tailed woolly monkey

Scientific Name:Orenax flavicauda

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Family: Atelidae

Location:

The Yellow Tailed Woolly Monkey can he found in the Peruvian Ande Mountains.
Diet- The diet contains leaves, fruits and plants. Also in the diet they eat the roots from the plants the pedals from the flowers. This is where the animals get most of the flavor from their diet.

Physical Attributes:

The average size of the monkey of two feet tall, but the average size of the tail tends to be a little bit longer than the size of the animal itself. The wieght of this monkey on average is 20 lbs. The size and wieght of the males and females are similar in this species. The color of that the monkey inherited is dark redish-brown. This monkey is different from other woolly monkies by the yellow band on the underside of the tail.

Social Behavior:

 The Yellow Tailed Woolly Monkey lives in groups from as small as four monkies and as large as 30 monkies. There is always a dominant male in the group no matter the size.


Threats:

One of the largest threats to this species is human life itself. Humans are logging these areas to build new places for people to live, new roads, and illegal hunting of these animals are leading to the extinction.


C0nservation:

To help these animals you can vist the EDGE community by vistiting, http://www.edgeofexistence.org/community/project_info.php?id=49
By clicking on this link you can learn more about helping the Yellow Tailed Woolly Monkey be more protected, and live a long life.

 

http://www.arkive.org/peruvian-yellow-tailed-woolly-monkey/oreonax-flavicauda/

http://www.edgeofexistence.org/mammals/species_info.php?id=79

Greater Bamboo Lemur

Common Name: The Greater Bamboo Lemur, also known as the broad-nosed bamboo lemur

Scientific Name: Prolemur Simus

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Primate

Family: Lemuridae

Prosimii

 

Location and Diet:

The great bamboo lemur can be found through out the rainforest near the Southeast coast of Madagascar. In the past had been seen in the western, northern and central parts of the island of Madagascar. A large make up of its diet is the bamboo species called cathariostachys madagascariensis. The bamboo lemur focuses on eating the shoots of the plant, but also eats the pith and leaves.

 

Physical Attributes: 

The male and female bamboo lemurs have similar body sizes and weights. The body and head length of the greater bamboo lemur is approximately 10 to 18 inches, and the tail length can range from 9 to 20 inches. The weight of the bamboo lemur varies from 2.2 to 5.5 pounds. (“Mammals”) The fur of the greater bamboo lemur is a grey-brown shade, and it has white-ear tufts. The greater bamboo lemur is known to be the largest of the three bamboo lemur species, weighing over five pounds.

Social Behavior:

This lemur species typically lives in groups of 4-7, but at times up to 12 (“Animals”). The greater bamboo lemur can be found active at dawn and dusk. They tend to leap vertically through out the trees that surround them.

Extinction:

Madagascar is home to a large portion of bamboo, which is 95% of this bamboo lemurs diet. The active cutting down of the bamboo plant has contributed to the greater bamboo lemur is being classified as critically endangered. In 2008 there were only 250 documented to be on earth, and possibly less now. The cutting down of the bamboo plant causes extinction of the species, because it leaves the bamboo lemur with a lack of food resources.  Bamboo is being cut down to be used as furniture, medicine, apparel, and paper. Hunters through out the region are also responsible for the extinction of this lemur.

To help conserve these lemurs, please donate now at The Lemur Conservation Foundation http://www.lemurreserve.org/

by clicking the yellow box on the right side of the page. This foundation also gives opportunities for internships and field training for those who are interested in volunteering.

"Mammals." EDGE of Existence. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2012. <http://www.edgeofexistence.org/mammals/species_info.php?id=24>.

"Animal Info - Endangered Animals." Animal Info. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2012. <http://www.animalinfo.org/species/primate/hapasimu.htm>.

Cotton Top Tamarin

Common name- Cotton Top Tamarin

Scientific name- Saguinus Oedipus

Kingdom- Animalia

Phylum-Chordata

Class-Mammalia

Family- Callitrichidae

Size- 7in-12in

Location: Northwestern Columbia between the Rio Atrato and the Rio Cauca

The Cotton Top Tamarin’s range occurs in north-western Colombia between the Rio Atrato and the other Rio Cauca and Magdalena, in the departments of Atlantico, Sucre, Cordoba, and western Bolivar, north-western Antiquoia.

Groups have been seen in the Islas del Rosario and Tayrona National Park in the Sierra  Nevada de Santa Marta. Central America can be considered the main habitat for the Cotton Top’s. A little area next to Panama, the mainland of Colombia.

Physical Attributes:

The Cotton Top Tamarin’s fur can range from black, white, brown and tan. The tail however is all brown.

Diet:

They consume strictly fruits because they do not have big enough canines to bite their way through nutshells and clams.

Social Behavior:

Tamarins are known for living in troops and helping each other.
They love to groom each other in groups to also feel safer.

These Tamarins enjoy being high up so that they will not be bothered.

Extinction/Predation:

 Unfortunately for the Tamarins, their predators can all reach high ground quickly. Their main predators include hawks, snakes and even wild cats. The cotton top tamarin typically does not live past 15 years most of the time, which is why they are critically endangered. The reason for their endangerment is based on deforestation, how much wildlife is being taken away from them. There are only about 300-1000 left in the world

http://a-z-animals.com/animals/cottontop-tamarin/